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Course Synopses
Health Science Courses
FHS200-3 Dynamics of Health Care, Health Policy and Politics: Health of Diseased Population, Families and Individuals
This course introduces to the student how political, socio-economic changes and world development influence health and health care. The impact of these changes on individuals, families and communities are discussed. Challenges posed to nursing responsibilities by technological advancement and computerization of health care are highlighted.
FHS201-3 Human Physiology and Genetics
The courses aim at presenting the fundamental principles and facts of human physiology and genetics in a format that is suitable for undergraduate students of physiology in nursing, pharmacy and allied health professions. The course offers clear, up-to-date, accurate explanations of physiological mechanisms rather than the mere description of facts and events to enhance student’s ability to think in clearly defined chains of causal links. The course progresses in three parts from the cell to the total body, utilizing at each level of increasing complexity the information and principles developed previously. The first part presents basic cellular and molecular biology including the genetic basis of life. Part two analyses the concept of internal environment, the generalized components of the homeostatic control systems that regulate this environment. The final part describes the coordinated body functions, emphasizing how these functions result from the precise control of the internal environment and the interplay between the environment and the organism.
FHS202-3 Biochemistry
The course presents a discussion of mammalian and relates the biochemical events at the cellular level to the physiological processes occurring in the whole animal. Examples of deviant biochemical processes in human disease will be discussed. After introduction to cell structure, the cell will cover major structural components of cells, metabolism, information transfer and its control, biotechnology, regulation of gene expression, signal transduction and amplification, and molecular cell biology.
FHS202-3 Basic Biochemistry and Immunology
The course presents a discussion of mammalian cells and relates the biochemical events at the cellular level to the physiological processes occurring in the whole animal. Examples of deviant biochemical processes in human disease will be discussed. After introduction to cell structure, the co urge will cover major structural components of cells, metabolism, information transfer and its control, biotechnology, regulation of gene expression, signal transduction and amplification, and molecular cell biology. The relevance of the topics to human life processes will be presented in clinical correlation topics which describe aberrant biochemistry of disease states. Function and dysfunction of the human immune response will be covered.
FHS203-3 Health Promotion
The course provides an overview of processes involved in empowering people through the provision of information, personal skills and healthy social and physical environment. The course draws attention to the factors that determine people's health behaviour and the relationship between specific lifestyle factors and particular medical conditions. Successful interventions to enhance positive health and prevent ill health will be discussed. The course progresses into the presentation of theories, concepts and the interplay of biological, physiological and social factors and prepares students for guidance and counselling of patients/clients.
FHS203-3 Health Promotion
The course provides an overview of processes involved in empowering people through provision of information, personal skills and healthy social and physical environment. The course draws attention to the factors that determine people’s behaviour and relationship between specific lifestyle factors and particular medical conditions. Successful interventions to enhance positive health and prevent ill health will be discussed. The course progresses into the presentations of theories, concepts and the interplay of biological, physiological and social factors and prepares students for guidance and counseling of patients/clients.
FHS204-3 Psychology
The course introduces students to understand human behaviour in the environment. The emphasis will be on understanding why people behave the way they do and provide insight into the dynamics of human personality. It will provide learning experiences in theory and practice to enable students to identify and appreciate the holistic nature of man.
FHS205-2 Health Sociology and Anthropology
This course focuses on the theories and research in the Sociology of Health and Illness. There is emphasis on the fact that physical disorders are a social phenomenon and not just a medical or physical problem; illness is seen as a consequence of the interplay between interpersonal, institutional and cultural factors. The historical development of the germ theory and the medical model of disease are highlighted and contrasted with sociological theories of illness. The course will also examine how individuals are defined as being ill and how they seek solutions for their illness and health behaviour.
FHS206-3 Introduction to Population Studies
This course accomplishes two basic objectives: (I) to acquaint students with the nature of the major demographic developments taking place in Lesotho and in the Southern African sub region, and, (2) to give students a better appreciation of the very close relationships, as both cause and effect, between population trends on one hand and a wide variety of socio-economic and political issues and problems on the other. Students will be introduced to demographic methods. The course in organized into five parts, each building on the previous one. a) Introduction to major perspectives and facts about population dynamics b) Demographic processes: fertility, mortality; and migration; c) Population structure and characteristics such as age, sex, ethnicity, race, socio-economic class, and marital status; d) Population and Contemporary Social Issues; and e) Population policy.
FHS207-2 Epidemiology and Bio-statistics
The course will introduce students to concepts, principles of epidemiology and a multidisciplinary approach to studying diseases and their determinants. Various epidemiological study methods will be discussed, including clinical trials and clinical epidemiology. Descriptive and inferential statistics (basic probability concepts and data analysis) will be covered.
FHS209-2 Pharmacology
The course introduces students to the basic concepts and principles in pharmacology and aims at ensuring that students understand the pharmacological basis of drug action. Topics in Pharmacodynamics focusing on the qualitative aspects of drug action and Pharmacokinetics with an in depth explanation of how the body handles drug administered to it will be covered.
FHS210-3 Human Anatomy
The course provides students with basic knowledge of body structures necessary for understanding normal and abnormal functioning of the human body. It also serves as a basis for other courses such as Physical assessment, Human Physiology and Pathophysiology.
FHS211-2 Microbiology and Parasitology
The course covers the origin of Germ Theory of Diseases, various microorganisms, their classification, their usefulness and harmfulness; various types of parasites will be addressed. The use of light microscope, prevention and control of microorganisms including nosocomial infections will be covered. Contributions made by Anton Leeuweehoek, Robert Hooke, Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch to microbiology will be discussed.
FHS212 Basic Biochemistry
The course introduces students to basic biochemical cellular reactions undergoing physiological processes. The biochemistry of proteins, enzymes,
FHS300-3 Pathophysiology
The course is organized into two parts. Part one, “Basic Concepts of Pathophysiology,” Part Two “Body systems and Diseases,” Basic principles and processes are contained in the first part, including description of cellular communication; genes and genetic diseases; forms of all injury; fluid and electrolyte and acid-base balance, immunity, inflammation and wound healing; process of infection, stress, coping, and illness and oncogenesis. The second part focuses on major regulating and integrative mechanisms and examples of non-optimal to pathological functions are elaborated to explain the conceptual approach to the physiological basis of heath professional practice. The course builds on a basic knowledge of normal physiology, biochemistry and human anatomy.
FHS300-3 Pathophysiology
The course is organized into two parts. Part One, "Basic Concepts of Pathophysiology;" Part Two, "Body Systems and Diseases." Basic principles and processes are contained in the first part, including description of cellular communication; genes and genetic diseases; forms of all injury; fluid and electrolyte and acid-base balance, immunity, inflammation and wound healing; process of infection, stress, coping, and illness and oncogenesis. The second part focuses on major regulating and integrative mechanisms and examples of non-optimal to pathological functions are elaborated to explain the conceptual approach to the physiological basis of health professional practice. The course builds on a basic knowledge of normal physiology, biochemistry and anatomy
FHS301-2 Clinical and Community Nutrition
The course presents the importance of good nutrition in the promotion and maintenance of good health, the promotion of growth and development, and the prevention and treatment of diseases/illnesses. The role of cultural beliefs and attitudes regarding food consumption will be discussed and critically analysed in relation to their impact on nutrition.
FHS302-3 Health Administration and Health Care Management
The course introduces the student to theory and application of the concepts, principles of management and the process of management in the provision of health care. It addresses the environmental and political factors in health and health care. It will assist the student in the evaluation of health care services, establishment of health service area and running of health service in the private sectors.
FHS303-2 HIV/AIDS and Care
The course deals with HIV/AIDS as a social problem as well as an STI. It is important to understand the relationship between STI's and AIDS. AIDS in the long run becomes a chronic disease requiring home-based care. The focus will address the preventive and promotive measures at all levels of care. Emphasis will be put on support measures in home-based care as well. Gender and political issues, in HIV I AIDS will also be addressed.
FHS304-3 Pharmacology
The course provides students with knowledge needed to understand drug actions that are mediated through interference with central and peripheral nervous system transmissions. Emphasis will be placed on the pharmacological effects of somatic and autonomic nervous system stimulation and modulation of such effects by neurotransmitter cogeners. The pharmacology of endogenous physiologically active substances (autacoids) will also be covered.
FHS305-3 Health Systems Research
The course will cover basic concepts of Health Systems Research, and all aspects of the research process. The course will assist students to identify priority research areas, relevant to
FHS400-3 Pathophysiology
This is a continuation of FOHS 300-3 with greater emphasis on clinical conditions and the physiological basis of their management.
FHS405-3 Emergency Preparedness and Response
The course will introduce students to health planning for both natural and man made disasters. Emphasis will be on the managerial process for policy formulation, the planning process: approaches to planning, elements of the planning process, implementation (response), education, information monitoring, and evaluation.
FHS410-3 Health Administration and Management
The course introduces the students to theory and application of the concepts, principles of management and the process of management in the provision of health care. It addresses the environmental and political factors in health and health care. It will assist students in the evaluation of health care services, establishment of health service area and running of health service in private sectors.
FHS411-2 Nutrition
The course introduces students to essential macronutrients and micronutrients, chemical composition of nutrients, composition of food and their role in the human body, nutrition and disease prevention and, food-borne diseases and their prevention.
FHS412-3 Practicum for health administration and Management.
Students will be given opportunity to observe and learn how various hospital units, health centres and filter clinics are managed under guidance of the Faculty and Staff of the respective institutions.
FHS413-3 Introduction to Health Systems Research
The course covers basic concepts of Health Systems research, and all aspects of the research process. The course assists students to identify priority research areas relevant to
FHS510-2 Introduction to Epidemiology
The course will introduce students to concepts, principles of epidemiology and multidisciplinary approach to studying diseases and their determinants. Various epidemiological study methods will be discussed, including clinical trials and clinical epidemiology. Descriptive and inferential statistics (basic probability concepts and data analysis) will be covered.
FHS511-3 Research Project
Students will identify a researchable problem in any setting of health care and consults with stakeholders in the area, develop research proposals, collect and analyze data, and write reports under supervision of the Faculty.
FHS512-2 HIV/AIDS
The course deals with HIV/AIDS as a social problem as well as sexually transmitted infection (STI). It is important to understand the relationship between the STI’s and AIDS. AIDS in the long run becomes a chronic disease requiring home-based care. The focus will address the preventive and promotive measures at all levels of care. Emphasis will be put on support measures in home-based care as well. Gender and political issues in HIV/AIDS will also be discussed.
FOHS 404-6 Practicum/Research
Students will identify a researchable problem in any setting of health care and consult with stakeholders in the area, write a research proposal, collect data, analyse and write a report.
Nursing Courses
NURS200-3 General Review of Human Anatomy
The aim of the course is to review as well as to provide students with the basic knowledge of anatomy necessary for clinical practice. This course serves as a basis for other courses such as physiology and health and physical assessment.
NURS201-3 Nursing Theories
The course will help the nursing students to be conversant with selected nursing theories. These theories form the basis of nursing process in patients/clients care in all settings. The course will also assist the students to understand the interpersonal process and to view the patient/client holistically as an individual and a member of the family and community with values and expectations.
NURS202-3 Reproductive Health
The course focuses on health problems of women and children. Special attention is given to gender issues, and the health of adolescents. Reproductive health clinical experience will be provided to students.
NURS203-3 Health and Physical Assessment
The course provides a systematic introduction to the physical examination and assessment of the human body for all age groups and stages of human development and growth. A holistic examination of an individual as a multidimensional entity that includes biological, social, spiritual and cultural aspects will be integrated
NURS210-3 Nursing Science and Art
The course introduces students to a variety of concepts fundamental to the practice of nursing. It prepares students for skilled, sensitive and personalized care for individuals, families and communities. The course assist students to master basic theory develop ability to apply analytic thinking to each clinical situation. The students must finally merge competency and critical thinking in the caring and patient teaching/learning processes, and in awareness of an individual as a unique being with specialized needs. The course emphasizes cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills. Clinical experience will be arranged to provide the students with opportunity to observe, learn and assist the clients according to the protocols established in the clinical area.
NURS211-2 Professionalism
The course focuses on major nursing issues such as historical trends and health care delivery systems as they relate to practice, research and education. The evaluation of nursing worldwide, nursing legislation and ethical issues will be discussed within the context of political, economical, socio-cultural and scientific development. Role of
NURS212-3 Practicum for Nursing Science and Art
Students will be required to go to the clinical area (hospital/health centres) for application and correlation of theory and practice skills learned in classroom and in the simulation laboratory. Application of this theory and practice of skills will be done under guidance of the Faculty and staff in the clinical area.
NURS213-3 Nursing Theories and Nursing Process
The course will help students to be conversant with selected nursing theories. These theories form a basis of nursing process in patients/clients care in all settings. The course will assist the students to understand the interpersonal process and view the patient/client holistically as an individual and a family and community with values and expectations.
NURS300-3 Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing
The course provides students with learning experience in theory and practice in psychiatric and mental health care through life span. The physical, social and genetic factors that contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders, as well as deviations in the functioning of the psychological processes will be discussed.
NURS301-3 Community Midwifery
The course explores the cultural, environmental, socio-economical and political factors affecting a woman of childbearing and child-rearing age. Primary Health Care in midwifery including involvement of traditional birth attendants will be discussed.
NURS302-2 Care of the Elderly
The course focuses on the process of aging, the physical, mental, social and emotional changes that occur with aging. Common conditions related to the ageing process will be addressed with emphasis on the management and care of the elderly.
NURS303-1 Diagnostic Microbiology
The course will review microbial structure, growth and metabolic control. Manifestation of infections will be covered and the presentation and laboratory investigation of selected infective illnesses will be reviewed.
NURS304-3 Therapeutics
The various pharmacologic or therapeutic classes of drugs will be discussed. The pharmacologic properties and mechanisms of actions of commonly used drugs will be covered.
NURS305-3 The Law for Health Practice and Professionalism in Nursing
The course is in two parts. The first part introduces students to the purpose and functions of the law of Delict. General principles of liability under the aquilian action and the actio injuriarum, defences, and remedies will be highlighted. A selection of specific wrongs including personal injury and professional negligence, emotional shock, privacy, etc; will be discussed. Various health legislations in
NURS306-2 Nursing Seminars
The course gives the students an opportunity to integrate material dealt with in the various courses and see them as parts of a whole. The course will involve discussions of topics from Nursing point of view. This course will stimulate the student to critical thinking and see Nursing as a profession with roles and responsibilities.
NURS310-3 Nursing Process and the Adult Client
The course introduces students to specific physical, social and psychological disorders of various origins (degenerative, congenital, infective, neoplastic and traumatic). Each disorder is examined in terms of clinical manifestations, therapeutic measure and specific management and treatment modalities. Students will apply the nursing theories and nursing process principles in managing all aspects of care in order to promote professional accountability.
NURS311-3 Nursing Process and Child Client
Students will be introduced to the study of healthy children and to those with acute and chronic conditions including those who are physically and mentally challenged; utilizing the nursing process, family-centred approach and developmental theories at all levels.
NURS312-3 Physical Assessment
The course provides systematic introduction to physical assessment of the body for all age groups and stages of human development and growth. A holistic examination of an individual as a multidimensional entity that includes biological, social, spiritual and cultural aspects will be integrated.
NURS313-3 Practicum for Nursing Process and Adult Client
Students will be introduced to the care of adults in medical and surgical wards, giving them opportunity to observe, assist and manage conditions according to the established protocols in the clinical area.
NURS314-3 Practicum for Nursing Process and Child Client
Nursing students will be introduced to the care of acute and chronic conditions in the paediatric ward, where they will be guided through the process of caring for children with unmet health needs.
NURS315-3 Practicum for Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing
Students will be exposed to mental observation units in various HAS’s in the country and to
NURS316-3 Introduction to Pharmacology
The course introduces students to basic concepts and principles in pharmacology and aims at ensuring that students understand the pharmacological basis of drug action. Topics in pharmacodynamics focusing on the qualitative aspects of drug action and Pharmacokinetics with in-depth explanation of how the body handles drug administered to it will be covered.
NURS400-3 Therapeutics
Student will be introduced to the course of drugs in the management of diseases. Factors to be considered in making drug choices in disease therapy will be discussed. Selection of drugs will be based on patterns of disease prevalence within the country and the subregion. Anti-infective and Cancer chemotherapy will also be covered. Prescription writing will be taught.
NURS401 3 Adult Health Nursing
The course provides in-depth study of the specific physical, social and psychological disorders of various origins (degenerative, congenital, infective, neoplastic and traumatic). Each disorder is examined in terms of clinical manifestations, therapeutic measures, and specific management and treatment modalities. Students will apply the nursing theories and nursing process principles in managing all aspects of care in order to promote professional accountability. Clinical experience will be arranged to provide opportunities for students to observe, assist and manage conditions according to established protocols in the clinical area.
NURS402-6 Child Health Nursing
The course provides in-depth study of healthy children and those with acute and chronic conditions including both physical and mentally challenged; utilizing the nursing process, the family-centred approach and developmental theories at all levels.
NURS403-3 Critical Care Nursing and Disaster Management
The course will help students to be conversant with life threatening situations and to be able to apply timely and appropriate nursing intervention(s). It will also help students to be able to handle health issues resulting nom the occurrence of disasters.
NURS404-6 Oncology Nursing
The course will introduce students to various predisposing factors (environmental, genetic and others) as well as treatment/management modalities of clients/patients with neoplasms at various stages.
NURS406-3 Reproductive Health
The course focuses on family planning including the involvement of man throughout their lifespan. Mobilization, development and organization of services required to meet the needs of man; woman and child will be covered. Reproductive health clinical experience will be provided for students.
NURS410-3 Child Bearing and Child Rearing
The course focuses on health issues of men, women and children. Attention is given to gender issues and health of adolescents, family planning and sexually transmitted infections will be addresses.
NURS411-3 Midwifery and Neonatal Care
Physiology of pregnancy, parturition and post-partum recuperation will be discussed. Students will be introduced to concepts of embryology and care of a neonate.
NURS412-3 Community Health
The course focuses on disease prevention and health promotion activities designed to change lifestyle of individuals, families and communities at all levels of prevention. Introduction to the contemporary health care delivery system that describes the historical and current status of health care delivery system, including factors that influence community nursing practice within the political and legislative framework of
NURS413-3 Practicum for Community Health
Under the Faculty guidance students will be provided with clinical experience at various community settings such as urban, peri-urban and rural settings. Students will participate in the control and management of communicable diseases during outbreaks. Field trips will be carried to different industries/factories, water and sewage treatment plant and National Abattoir to identify and advise on prevention of industry related diseases.
NURS414-3 Practicum for Child Bearing and Child Rearing and Midwifery and Neonatal care
Students will be placed at men, women and child health, family planning and adolescents clinics, in maternity wards and nurseries in order to gain necessary experience. They will be required to complete the midwifery register.
NURS416-3 Pharmacology
Students will be provided with knowledge needed to understand drug reactions that are mediated through interference with central and peripheral nervous system transmission. Emphasis will be placed on pharmacological effects of somatic and autonomic nervous system stimulation and modulation of such effects by neurotransmitter congeners. The pharmacology of endogenous physiologically active substances (autacoids) will also be covered.
NURS510-2 Care of the Aged
The course focuses on the theories of aging, and physical, mental, social and emotional changes that occur with aging. Common conditions related to the ageing process will be addresses, with emphasis on the management and care of the elderly.
NURS511-3 Midwifery and Neonatal Care
Pathology of pregnancy, parturition and post-partum are discussed. Obstetrical emergencies, neonatal emergencies, Toxoplasmosis, Others, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes (TORCH) infections and community midwifery will be covered.
NURS512-6 Practicum for Midwifery and Neonatal Care
Students will be required to provide care for women with complications in pregnancy, labour, and puerperium. They will be exposed to nursing care of preterm babies, sick babies, and babies born with congenital malformations.
NURS513-2 Aspects of Oncology Nursing
The course introduces students to various predisposing factors (environmental, genetic, etc.) as well as treatment/management modalities of clients with various stages of neoplasm.
NURS514-1 Practicum for aspects of Oncology Nursing.
Students are introduced to wards with clients/patients experiencing various stages of neoplasm where they are guided through diagnosing, treatment and management modalities of these patients.
NURS515-2 Critical and Disaster Preparedness
The course helps students to be conversant with life-threatening situations and to be able to apply timely and appropriate intervention(s). It also helps them to be able to handle health matters resulting from occurrence of disasters.
NURS516-2 Practicum for Critical care and Disaster preparedness
Introduction to care of critically ill patients in casualty department and operating theatre where they are assisted to handle trauma patients, and care for various types of emergencies will be done.
NURS517-2 Nursing Conference
The course gives students an opportunity to integrate material dealt with in various courses so as to perceive them as a whole. The course involves discussions of subjects from nursing perspective. It aims at stimulating critical thinking for students, and also to view nursing as a profession with roles and responsibilities.
Community Health Courses
CHS400-3 Food, Water and Environmental Sanitation
The course focuses on principles of environmental health management. The impact of rural and urban migration will be included. Issues pertaining to food hygiene, safe and adequate water supply will also be addressed. Food, water and environmental sanitation field experiences for students will be provided.
CHS401-3 A Control of Communicable Diseases
The course will focus on causation, prevention and management of communicable diseases. Emergent and re-emergent diseases will be covered.
CHS402-2 Oral Health
The focus is on integration of oral health throughout all settings with special emphasis on children. Prevention and nursing management of common oral diseases including the manifestation of HIV/AlDS will be addressed.
CHS403-4 Community Health Nursing
The course presents the background and development of Community Health Nursing. The focus will be on health care delivery system, management and organization within the political and legislative framework of
CHS404-3 Community psychiatric Mental Health Nursing
This course focuses on prevention of mental illness, promotion of mental health, and rehabilitation in the community. Students will assess the presence of mental health problems and develop treatment plans based on the resources in the community, utilizing community support systems.
CHS405-3 Occupational Health Nursing
The course will provide an in-depth understanding of prevention, management of emergencies of acute and chronic conditions and the implementation of critical health interventions occurring as a result of work-related incidents. Counselling related to both occupational and non-occupational health problems and the law governing the work environment will be discussed. Students will be exposed to occupational health clinical practice under faculty guidance.
CHS406-28 Introduction to Social Work and Social Administration
The course provides students with a theoretical and practical base in Social Work. Emphasis will be on the nature, and settings for Social Work practice. Theoretical perspectives, key concepts, and introduction to the skills of practice will be emphasized. Social Work, social services and problems pertinent to Social Work practice in
CHS407-4 Disease Surveillance
The course introduces students to surveillance systems of infectious diseases and response to disease outbreaks. Use of epidemiological data to identify or recognize seasonal and long-term trends will be covered.
NCP400-10 physical and Laboratory Examination of Patients
Students will be taken through clinical bedside etiquette and will be taught how to obtain and record patients' history and to elicit and interpret physical signs. Focus will be on problem-solving techniques. The use of laboratory diagnostic techniques in arriving at tentative definitive diagnosis will be emphasized.
Environmental Health Courses
EHS200-3 Perspectives in Environmental Health
This is an introductory course in environmental health it covers all major topic areas that are subsumed under the broad heading “Environmental Health.” Its emphasis is on the impact of environment on health. The course will deal with the problem of poverty and its relationship with population issues which impact negatively on the environment. Issues such as how unemployment, low wages, poor socio-economic status, migration to over-crowded slum (shanty town) with problems of water supply and sanitation, indoor pollution (as a result of housing, poor services, and overcrowding) exacerbate disease problems and lower productivity, will be emphasized.
EHS201-4 Housing and Health
The course deals with effect of housing, shelter and human settlement on health and disease. Structural safeguard against disease transmission and the proper drainage of domestic and community surface water disposal will be emphasized. Issues such as structural features, fitting, fixtures and furnishings; prevention of indoor pollution, promotion of chemical safety and the proper usage of the home as a workplace will be emphasized.
EHS202-4 Water Supply and Sanitation
The first part of the course deals with sources of water, the properties of pure and impure water, and factors affecting water usage. The qualities of water from various sources are considered along with the control / prevention of water pollution (including the protection of water sources. The second part of the course considers the processes in water treatment, operational problems in treatment and distribution of water. Design of different water schemes and improvement of traditional sources of water will de dealt with. The course includes practica on the principles and techniques of chemical and biological contaminants, and the significance of indicator organisms.
EHS203-4 Vectors and Vermin Control (
The course addresses the principles of pest control: chemical, biological, physical and cultural. Public Health Acts/ Local Authority By-Laws and International Health Regulations will be introduced.
EHS300-12 Chemicals, Health and Environment (Environmental Toxicology)
The course will cover basic principles of environmental toxicology. Effects of pollutants including inorganic ions and anions, metals, hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, insecticides, herbicides, rodenticides, detergents, organo-metallic compounds, radioactive isotopes and air pollutants on individual organisms, populations, communities and ecosystems.
Paradigms for measurement, evaluation and regulation will be discussed.
EHS301-8 Environmental Pollution Control
Nature and sources of pollutants: organic, inorganic, infectious agents generated from domestic, industrial, agricultural sources. Pollution parameters: biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, coliform counts. Effects of pollution on environment and principles of pollution control. Air pollution: elementary treatment, effects of topography and meteorological conditions on dissemination of air pollutant, chemistry of combustion, classification of pollutants and their sources, chemical reactions within the atmosphere, biological and economic effects of air pollution. Radiation hazards and nuclear energy: agents, sources and effects of noise, nature of sound waves, wavelength, intensity and pressure, frequency, octave band analysis, loudness and loudness units. Land pollution: geological and environmental conditions, hazardous wastes
EHS302-6 Food Safety and Technology
The course teaches food hygiene to ensure that food intended for human consumption is wholesome in terms of quality, soundness and safety in compliance with the requirements of law and other recognized standards. Other aspects of the course will deal the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases and ensuring that food handlers do not transmit food-borne diseases or other communicable diseases to the public. The course will also provide appropriate information and education of food quality, safety, and food borne diseases.
EHS303-4 Drainage System and Liquid Waste Management
The different types of drainage systems and the materials used in drainage systems will be the focus of the first part of this course. The second part of the course will teach the different types of liquid wastes and their sources. Composition and characteristics of industrial and domestic, storm water, sullage and waste water and their importance to health will be emphasized. The course will also include: activities in sewage (biological, chemical and physical) and the effect on ecosystems and principles of liquid waste management (sampling, analysis, and interpretation of results), treatment (biological, chemical and physical) and re-use of liquid waste.
EHS304-4 Solid Waste Management
The course begins with definitions of solid waste, refuse, garbage, litter, dustbin, and ash-pits; followed by goals of solid waste management including: disease control, nuisance removal, pollution control, fire control and salvage methods. Types of refuse (domestic, commercial, industrial, institutional, constructional and objectionable junk, estimation and analysis including yield per capita, yield estimate, sample collection, analysis procedure, constituents of wastes, importance of analysis will be taught. Salvage potentials of plastic, metal, glass, paper and other organic matter will be examined. Storage receptacles (sizes, material and types), labour, plant and equipment organization including personnel, vehicles, buildings and settings will also be considered. The course will also deal with methods of disposal of solid wastes and the dead such as tipping (crude and controlled) incineration, burial, composting, recycling, pulverization, compaction, dumping into water and land reclamation. Population problems associated with solid waste, householder’s roles, engineering operation and management of waste disposal sites and Local Authority By-Laws regulating solid waste disposal will be covered.
EHS306 Field Attachment I
The aim of the field attachment is to provide students with opportunities to acquire knowledge, skills, attitudes in the areas of environmental health concerns. During this period, students will be attached to several places, including areas of on-going sanitation projects, municipalities, water and sewage management plants, food and environmental sanitation sites. Students will be exposed to the following: Community organization and its resources, application of the principles of epidemiology, bio-statistics, community demography, and environmental sociology, common health problems, factors affecting health (including water, liquid and solid wastes, pollution, and environmental factors), determinants and consequences of population growth (the PPE spiral), health care delivery services (Private, Governmental and quasi-Governmental), concepts and principles of Primary Health Care (PHC), methods of implementation, achievements, and constraints, measurement of health in a community, vaccination schedules, cold chain management (storage and handling of vaccines) and vaccine administration.
EHS401-4 Environmental Inspection
Purpose of inspection: safety, sanitation facilities, adequacy and licensing; inspection methods and techniques, inspection procedures for houses, factories, schools, hospitals, health centres, markets, abattoirs, parks, poultries, dairies and other places of public interest for construction, state of repair, dampness, overcrowding, disease factors, sewage and refuse disposal, drainage, lighting, ventilation, water supply, cooking and washing facilities; inspection reports: format and submission.
EHS404-3 Zoonoses
This course focuses on diseases contracted by humans as a result of direct or indirect interaction with animals (both domestic and wild animals). The mode of transmission and prevention or control of such transmissions will be emphasized. The second part of the course will deal with the Pathology of Food Animals and Meat Inspection. Animal tissue alterations associated with various pathological processes and causes of injury and diseases: genetic, immunological, hormonal, physical, chemical, nutritional and microbial) will be emphasized. Inspection, visits to slaughter houses/abattoirs will be organized.
EHS405-4 Field Attachment II and Research Project
Students will be exposed to actual working environment in the following sectors: Solid waste management, water and sewerage, town and country planning, food safety and quality control, communicable diseases control, vectors and vermin control, and pollution control. Community water supplies (spring, wells, bore-holes, etc.) rain water harvesting and storage; market and village sanitation, community health needs assessment, control of pests and safe handling of pesticides.
EHS406-4 Field Attachments (Practica):
Field attachments are an integral part of the programme for the degree of BSc (Env. Health). They are therefore compulsory. There will be two periods of Field Attachment and each period will normally last for a minimum of 10 days-during University vacation time. Field attachments will be the Practica components of all courses offered in the programme from Year 2 to Year 4. Assessment of the Field Attachment will be by practical observation and action research. Research project shall be undertaken during the Field Attachments and Research project reports must be submitted for grading as part of Final Year Examination.